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The structural features and gasification reactivity of chars derived from pyrolysis of a bituminous coal under Ar (Ar char) and CO2 atmosphere (CO2 char) have been investigated, respectively. The pyrolysis was performed in a fixed bed reactor at a final temperature of 700 °C and pressures ranging from 0.1 to 1.5 MPa. It was found that CO2 affect the char yield, pore structure and surface area. The...
The integration of large amounts of variable renewable generation can increase the demand on flexible resources in the power system. Conventional hydropower can be an important asset for managing variability and uncertainty in the power system, but multi-purpose reservoirs are often limited by non-power constraints. Previous large-scale variable generation integration studies have simulated the operation...
In this paper, numerical simulation and experimental validation were carried out to study the turbulent flow around a small incurved Savonius wind rotor. The software “SolidWorks Flow Simulation” has been used to present the local characteristics in different transverse and longitudinal planes. The numerical model considered is based on the resolution of the Navier–Stokes equations in conjunction...
This work describes three different configurations of syngas production processes using a combination of SMR (steam methane reforming) and DRM (dry reforming of methane). The ideal SMR + DRM process ensures the maximum product yield, the heat-integrated SMR + DRM process fulfills the maximum heat recovery, and the stand-alone SMR + DRM process effectively suppress net CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions...
As most power is consumed domestically, the environmental efficiencies of electric power industries in different countries may serve as a benchmark to evaluate their emission reduction efforts. Taking the power generated and carbon emissions as desirable and undesirable outputs respectively, this study adopts the environmental Malmquist index, which is based on a SBM-DEA (slack based measure data...
In this paper we offer energy metric for evaluating the need for transformational technology in the context of resources management for sustainability. This metric measures the margin for improvement between the actual energy used and the theoretical minimum needed for the same task, irrespective of the technology considered. We first define the parameter space of sustainability metrics. Furthermore,...
Current residential price tariff structures in Australia, which are predominately based on a flat daily supply charge combined with a per kWh electricity charge, create a distortion to the electricity consumption pattern, leading to larger afternoon and evening peak demands across the networks. Battery storage connected to solar PV (photovoltaic) array would reduce these effects in the presence of...
Isoflavones, found in soybeans and other members of the fabaceae family, are considered bioactive components of high economic value. An opportunity would be to separate isoflavones from okara, the by-product of the soymilk and tofu production. Such a process would not only valorise that side-stream but also, and maybe more importantly, reduce the waste of high quality bioactive compounds. Extraction...
Repeat thermal tests of two high-capacity LHPs (loop heat pipes) have been conducted after their long-term storage under normal conditions. The first of them 1820 mm long with a capacity of 1200 W and water as a working fluid was made and first tested in 1985. The other device with a length of 2750 mm and a capacity of 800 W, which consisted of two ammonia LHPs joined in series, was made and tested...
This article presents a novel MPPT (maximum power point tracking) algorithm, based on a modified GA (genetic algorithm). When photovoltaic systems are affected by partial shading, a GMPPT (global maximum power point tracking) algorithm is required to increase the energy harvesting capability of the system. A new GMPPT algorithm is proposed in this article: a P&O (perturb and observe) algorithm...
In the present article, natural resource production in China during 2000–2011 was investigated on the basis of exergy as a unified indicator to demonstrate the structural and regional variation of this country's resource supply. Using exergy, different types of resources may be added and compared. The major natural resources produced in China were divided into five categories: energy resources, agricultural...
In the long-term stabilization targets of greenhouse gases concentrations, various carbon emission rights allocation schemes have been proposed. To compare and evaluate them, the most essential is the equity-efficiency tradeoff. This paper measures the equity and the efficiency in the global rather than the narrower national perspective. Specifically, the equity of the first allocation is quantified...
A higher solar-to-electricity conversion efficiency was one of the major advantages of the solar-fossil hybrid systems, compared to the solar-only power plants. In this paper, a new mechanism to reveal the reasons for the improved solar-to-electricity efficiency in a solar-hybrid power plant was given. A correlation was built to describe the main influencing factors of its thermodynamic performances,...
We investigate how electricity markets relate to emission allowance prices. We analyze the price determinants of the European Allowance Units' returns and account for exchange specific effects. We employ a Threshold GARCH (Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity) model and, apart from the exchange specific analysis, introduce several energy specific variables in the analysis. As...
In the paper, three frequently used operation optimisation methods are examined with respect to their impact on operation management of the combined utility technologies for electric power and DH (district heating) of eastern Denmark. The investigation focusses on individual plant operation differences and differences between the solution found by each optimisation method. One of the investigated...
The heat dissipation systems which have liquids as heat carriers outperform conventional dissipation systems at TEGs (thermoelectric generators). However, new elements need to be introduced such as pumps, secondary heat exchangers and piping.A predictive computational model of a dissipation system involving refrigerant liquids has been implemented. The accuracy of the model is 93% for all its outputs:...
Load forecasting is critical for planning and optimizing operations for large energy systems on a dynamic basis. As system complexity increases, the task of developing accurate forecasting models from first principles becomes increasingly impractical. However, for large campuses with many buildings, the large sample size has a smoothing effect on the data so that aggregate trends can be predicted...
In the increasing amounts of three-phase squirrel-cage induction motors over the years are fed by variable-speed drives in majority of the industries. This paper deals about the current and power characteristics of induction motor while it operating at its base frequency with variable speed drive. Various studies have been conducted in textile industry to prove the above phenomena. When the motor...
Thermoacoustic technology is becoming increasingly attractive because of its high reliability and environmental friendliness. The double-acting traveling-wave thermoacoustic heat engine using liquid pistons, proposed by our group, can improve the thermoacoustic conversion efficiency further and yield a more compact engine. In this study, three different environmentally friendly working gases, helium,...
In recent years, Italy has seen a rapid growth in the PV (photovoltaic) sector, following the introduction of the FIT (feed in tariff) scheme known as Conto Energia. In July 2013 the Italian government definitively cut FITs, leaving only tax benefits and a revised net metering scheme (known as “Scambio sul Posto”) for new PV installations. In this scenario, the design of a new PV plant ensuring savings...
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